Severed heads that have continue to live or have supernatural powers figure in several world mythologies. I remember looking into that a couple of years ago and discussing it here.
Personally, I didn't see "The Thing That Wouldn't Die" (or whatever it's called) as a direct inspiration for the Judah Zachary head. I hadn't heard about the movie "The Skull," but would love to see it.
Since these living heads tend to occur in myths, movies, stories, etc., it seems to me that the concept may be tapping into some sort of archetype or primitive fear that has always existed in humankind.
It would be nice to find a direct inspiration for Judah Zachary, but my hunch is that there isn't any one single source for the storyline. I think the DS writers may have drawn on various strands of this concept and then created something unique and very effective for the 1840 storyline.